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Articoli generici sulla sicurezza in RM
Gatta G, Di Grezia G, Cuccurullo V, et al (2022) MRI in Pregnancy and Precision Medicine: A Review from Literature. J Pers Med 12:9 Mittendorff L, Young A, Sim J (2022) A narrative review of current and emerging MRI safety issues: What every MRI technologist (radiographer) needs to know. J Med Radiat Sci 69:250–260 Kenneth R. Foster, Marvin C. Ziskin and Quirino Balzano. Three Quarters of a Century of Research on RF Exposure Assessment and Dosimetry—What Have We Learned? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2067. Fagan AJ, Bitz AK, Björkman-Burtscher IM, et al (2021) 7T MR Safety. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 53:333–346 Lisa Mittendorff, Adrienne Young, Jenny Sim. A narrative review of current and emerging MRI safety issues: What every MRI technologist (radiographer) needs to know. J Med Radiat Sci 00 (2021) 1–11 Vitor Silva, Isabel Ramos, J Agostinho Moreira and Manuel B Marques. Safety Zones and Standards in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Scientific Journal of Research and Reviews, Volume 3-Issue 1, 2021 Donald W McRobbie. MRI safety: myths and maths. MR Safety week 2021 Kenneth R. Foster, Richard A. Tell. RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS. In Patty’s Industrial Hygiene 2021 F. Barnes, B. Greenebaum. Setting Guidelines for Electromagnetic Exposures and Research Needs. Bioelectromagnetics Vol 41, 5, 2020 J. Rogg. Key Elements of Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety: It Takes a Village. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 28 (2020) 471–479 R. J. Stafford. The Physics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 28 (2020) 517–536 D.W. McRobbie. Essentials of MRI Safety. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2020. 392 pages M.N. Hoff, A. McKinney, F.G. Shellock, U. Rassner, T. Gilk, R.E. Watson Jr, T.D. Greenberg, J. Froelich, E. Kanal. Safety Considerations of 7-T MRI in Clinical Practice. Radiology. 2019;292(3):509-518. J.G. Delfino, D.M. Krainak, S.A. Flesher, D.L. Miller. MRI-related FDA adverse event reports: A 10-yr review. Med Phys. 2019;46(12):5562-5571. S. Strocchi, N. Oberhofer, R. Matheoud, P. Mangili, S. Busoni:”258. Preliminary survey on incidents and near-missed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging”. Abstracts / Physica Medica 56 (2018) 133–278. P.C. Rathebe (2018). A Narrative Review on Occupational Exposure to Radiofrequency Energy from Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Call for Enactment of Legislation (Conference paper). 2018 Open Innovations Conference, OI 2018 Darren Hudson, Andrew P Jones (2018). Panych LP, Madore B. (2018) The Physics of MRI Safety. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING Volume 47, Issue 1, Pages 28–43 Mwahib Aldosh. (2017) Safety of MRI technology in different magnetic fields. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Volume – 7, Issue – 7, pp. 496-49 Kim SJ, Kim KA. Safety issues and updates under MR environments. European Journal of Radiology 89 (2017) 7–13 Kristel Schaap, Yvette Christopher-De Vries, Evelyne Cambron-Goulet, and Hans Kromhout. (2016) Work-Related Factors Associated with Occupational Exposure to Static Magnetic Stray Fields from MRI scanners. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 75:2141–2155. V. Hartwig. “Risk of the Magnetic Resonance: the safety – biological effects”. In “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Handbook-Image Principles, Neck, and the Brain”, Ed. Luca Saba, CRC Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4822-1620-2. Steffen Sammet. Magnetic resonance safety. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2016 Mar; 41(3): 444–451. Calamante F, Faulkner WH Jr, Ittermann B, Kanal E, Kimbrell V, Owman T, Reeder SB, Sawyer AM, Shellock FG, van den Brink JS. MR System Operator: Recommended Minimum Requirements for Performing MRI in Human Subjects in a Research Setting. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Apr;41(4):899-902 A. Gorlin, J. M. Hoxworth, Jeff Mueller. (2015) Occupational Hazards of Exposure to Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anesthesiology 10 2015, Vol.123, 976-977. Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks SCENIHR Opinion on Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). EU 2015 Stam R., The revised electromagnetic fields directive and worker exposure in environments with high magnetic flux densities. Ann Occup Hyg. 2014 Jun;58(5):529-41. Israel M, Zaryabova V, Ivanova M. Electromagnetic field occupational exposure: non-thermal vs. thermal effects. Electromagn Biol Med. 2013 Jun;32(2):145-54
Report su normative vigenti
Jeschke P, Alteköster C, Hansson Mild K, Israel M, Ivanova M, Schiessl K, Shalamanova T, Soyka F, Stam R, Wilén J (2022) Protection of Workers Exposed to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields: A Perspective on Open Questions in the Context of the New ICNIRP 2020 Guidelines. Front Public Health 10:1–16 G. M. Contessa, S. D’Agostino, R. Falsaperla, C. Grandi, A. Polichetti. Issues in the Implementation of Directive 2013/35/EU Regarding the Protection of Workers against Electromagnetic Fields. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10673. A. Modenese, F. Gobba. Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Health Surveillance according to the European Directive 2013/35/EU. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021 , 18 (4), 1730 A Modenese, F Gobba. Occupational Exposure to Non-Ionizing radiation. Main effects and criteria for health surveillance of workers according to the European Directives. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) ICNIRP Publications. Special Issue on Guidelines and Statements on Radiation Principles, LF Knowledge Gaps, Laser Guidelines, LEDs, and NIR and Cosmetic Purposes. Health Phys 118(5), 2020 F Gobba, L Korpinen. 1649d What health surveillance of EMF exposed workers?. Occup Environ Med 2018;75(Suppl 2):A1–A650. L Korpinen, R Pääkkönen. 1649b Eu directive 2013/35/eu on occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields. Occup Environ Med 2018;75(Suppl 2):A1–A650. Anou Sewonu, Moreno Ramiro, Meyrignac Olivier, Carbillet Fanny. [P073] Practical implementation of the 2013/35/EU directive on the occupational risks to electromagnetic fields exposure: Example of clinical MR sites in France. Physica Medica 52 (2018) 121–122. M. Mattozzi, F. Campanella, D. D’Ambrogi, M.A. D’Avanzo, A. Fiorelli, L. Moretti. Focus sugli apparecchi per la Risonanza Magnetica nei diversi settori di impiego. dBA Incontri 2016, Bologna, 21 ottobre 2016.
Valutazione del rischio occupazionale in RM
I.P. Hussin, M.C. Hussin, S.S. Jaha. “ G. Acri, C. Anfuso, G. Vermiglio, V. Hartwig. “Assessment of Exposure to Time-Varying Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Resonance Environments Using Pocket Dosimeters”. Electronics, 2022, 11, 2796 V. Hartwig, C. Sansotta, M.S. Morelli, B. Testagrossa, G. Acri. “Occupational Exposure Assessment of the Static Magnetic Field Generated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Case Study”. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7674 V. Hartwig, G. Virgili, F. Mattei, C. Biagini, S. Romeo, O. Zeni, M.R. Scarfì, R. Massa, F. Campanella, L. Landini, F. Gobba, A. Modenese, G. Giovannetti. “Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation and surveillance”. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2022 Feb;60(2):297-320 R. Torchio, A. Arduino, L. Zilberti, O. Bottauscio. A Fast Tool for the Parametric Analysis of Human Body Exposed to LF Electromagnetic Fields in Biomedical Applications. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2021, 106543 Hong, SE, Oh, S, Choi, HD. RF Exposure Assessment for Various Poses of Patient Assistant in Open MRI Environment. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4967 Gurrera D, Leardini A, Ortolani M, Durante S, Caputo V, Gallias KK, Abbate BF, Rinaldi C, Iacoviello G, Acri G, Vermiglio G and Marrale M. Experimental and Modeling Analyses of Human Motion Across the Static Magnetic Field of an MRI Scanner. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2021, 9:613616 Di Liberto, R.; Andreuccetti, D.; Comelli, M.; Burriesci, G. Assessment of the Exposure to Gradient Magnetic Field Generated by MRI Tomographs: Measurement Method, Verification of Limits and Clearance Areas through a Web-Based Platform. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3475 P. Rathebe, C. Weyers, F. Raphela. Exposure levels of radiofrequency magnetic fields and static magnetic fields in 1.5 and 3.0 T MRI units. SN Appl. Sci. 3, 157 (2021) B. Alonazi. Survey of the Occupational and Patients Biological Risks in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Departments. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine Volume 07, Issue 10, 2020 V. Hartwig, C. Biagini, D. De Marchi, A. Flori, C. Gabellieri, G. Virgili, L. F. Ferrante Vero, L. Landini, N. Vanello, G. Giovannetti. Analysis, comparison and representation of occupational exposure to a static magnetic field in a 3-T MRI site. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2020 Apr 10:1-10. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1738114. [Epub ahead of print]. V. Hartwig, L.F. Ferrante Vero, G. Virgili, L. Landini, G. Giovannetti. Device for the assessment of occupational exposure to time-varying magnetic field due to movement in magnetic resonance environments. Electronics Letters, 2019, Vol. 55, No. 10 pp. 579–581. V. Hartwig, C. Biagini, D. De Marchi, A. Flori, C. Gabellieri, G. Virgili, L.F. Ferrante Vero, L. Landini, N. Vanello, G. Giovannetti. The Procedure for Quantitative Characterization and Analysis of Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Resonance Sites for Protection of Workers: A Pilot Study. Ann Work Expo Health. 2019 Mar 29;63(3):328-336. D. Gurrera, KK Gallias, M. Spanò, BF. Abbate, F. D’Alia, G.Iacoviello, V. Caputo. Moving across the static magnetic field of a 1.5 T MRI scanner: Analysing compliance with Directive 2013/35/EU. Phys Med. 2019 an;57:238-244. S. Filice, R. Rossi, G. Crisi: Assessment of movement-induced time-varying magnetic fields exposure in magnetic Resonance Imaging by a commercial portable magnetometer. Radiation Protection Dosimetry (2019), pp. 1–5. J. Stroud, K. Stupic, T. Walsh, Z. Celinski, and J.H. Hankiewicz: Local Heating of Metallic Objects from Switching Magnetic Gradients in MRI. Proocedings of SPIE Medical Imaging, 2019, San Diego, California, United States. K. Hansson Mild, R. Lundström, J. Wilén. Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care-Exposure and Safety Aspects. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(7). pii: E1186 M. Morega, IM. Băran, AM. Morega, AK. Leaibi Hussain. S. Filice, R. Rossi, C. Pinardi: “262. Assessment of occupational exposure to electromagnetic field around 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI scanners”. Abstracts / Physica Medica 56 (2018) 133–278. F. Cretti:”263. MRI operator exposure to static magnetic fields”. Abstracts / Physica Medica 56 (2018) 133–278. D.Andreuccetti, M.Comelli, S.D’Agostino, R.Falsaperla, N.Zoppetti: “Sviluppo ed utilizzo di uno strumento web per l’elaborazione delle misure di esposizione al campo magnetico di bassa frequenza e la determinazione dell’indice di picco ponderato”. Atti del convegno dBA 2018 “I rischi fisici nei luoghi di lavoro”, Bologna, 17 ottobre 2018, pag.247-260. Belguerras L, Kadkhodamohammadi AR, Delmas A, Miralipoor M, Weber N, Gangi A, Felblinger J, Padoy N, Pasquier C. Evaluation of occupational exposure to static magnetic field in MRI sites based on body pose estimation and SMF analytical computation. Bioelectromagnetics. 2018. Galante A., Alecci M., Fantasia M., C. Rinaldi, F. Federici, F. Franchi, Real-time monitoring and training for professionals exposed to static magnetic fields, 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), DOI 10.1109/MeMeA.2018.8438644. J Karpowicz, K Gryz. 1650c Prevention of electromagnetic exposure of workers near mri scanners – 25 years of experience in poland. Occup Environ Med 2018;75(Suppl 2):A1–A650. Acri G, Inferrera P, Denaro L, Sansotta C, Ruello E, Anfuso C, Salmeri FM, Garreffa G, Vermiglio, Testagrossa B. dB/dt Evaluation in MRI Sites: Is ICNIRP Threshold Limit (for Workers) Exceeded?. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jun 21;15(7). pii: E1298. Hartwig V, Virgili G, Ferrante Vero LF, De Marchi D, Landini L, Giovannetti G (2018). Radiation Protection Dosimetry , https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy114Gourzoulidis GA, Tsaprouni P, Skamnakis N, Tzoumanika C, Kalampaliki E, Karastergios E, Gialofas A, Achtipis A, Kappas C, Karabetsos E (2018). Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields. The situation in Greece. Physica Medica 49: 83-89 Bongers S, Slottje P, Kromhout H (2018). Development of hypertension after long-term exposure to static magnetic fields among workers from a magnetic resonance imaging device manufacturing facility. Environmental Research 164: 565-573. Frankel J, Wilén J and Hansson Mild K (2018). Assessing exposures to Magnetic resonance imaging’s complex Mixture of Magnetic Fields for In Vivo, In Vitro, and epidemiologic studies of Health effects for staff and Patients. Frontiers in Public Health 6, Article 66. A. Delmas, L. Belguerras, N. Weber, F. Odille, C. Pasquier, J. Felblinger, P.A. Vuissoz (2018) Calibration and non-orthogonality correction of three-axix Hall sensors for the monitoring of MRI workers’ exposure to static magnetic fields, Bioelectromagnetics, 10.1002/bem.22102 . V. Hartwig, S. Romeo, O. Zeni (2018) Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: basic aspects and review of exposure assessment approaches, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 56: 531-545. Julian Bonello & Charles V. Sammut (2017) Experimental analysis of radiographer exposure to the static field from a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging machine, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 23:1, 133-138. Sannino A, Romeo S, Scarfì MR, Massa R, d’Angelo R, Petrillo A, Cerciello V, Fusco R and Zeni O (2017) Exposure Assessment and Biomonitoring of Workers in Magnetic Resonance Environment: An Exploratory Study. Front. Public Health 5:344. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00344 Berlana T, Úbeda A. (2017) Occupational exposure of NMR spectrometrists to static and radiofrequency fields. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 Dec 1;177(4). Stam R, Yamaguchi-Sekino S. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields from medical sources. Ind Health. 2017 Nov 3. Delmas A, Weber N, Piffre J, Pasquier C, Felblinger J, Vuissoz PA. MRI ‘exposimetry’: how to analyze, compare and represent worker exposure to static Magnetic Field? Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2017 May 12:1-9. Fatahi M, Karpowicz J, Gryz K, Fattahi A, Rose G, Speck O. Evaluation of exposure to (ultra) high static magnetic fields during activities around human MRI scanners. MAGMA. 2017 Jun;30(3):255-264. Andreuccetti D, Biagi L, Burriesci G, Cannatà V, Contessa GM, Falsaperla R, Genovese E, Lodato R, Lopresto V, Merla C, Napolitano A, Pinto R, Tiberi G, Tosetti M, Zoppetti N. Occupational exposure in MR facilities due to movements in the static magnetic field. Med Phys. 2017 Aug 30. Evridiki Batistatou, Anna Mölter, Hans Kromhout, Martie van Tongeren, Stuart Crozier, Kristel Schaap, Penny Gowland, Stephen F Keevil, Frank de Vocht. (2016) Personal exposure to static and time-varying magnetic fields during MRI procedures in clinical practice in the UK. Occup Environ Med. 2016 Nov;73(11). Suzan Bongers, Pauline Slottje, L€utzen Portengen, and Hans Kromhout. (2016) Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields and Risk of Accidents among a Cohort of Workers from a Medical Imaging Device Manufacturing Facility. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 75:2165–2174 F. Bonutti, M. Tecchio,M. Maieron, D. Trevisan, C. Negro and F. Calligaris. Measurement of the weighted peak level for occupational exposure to gradient magnetic fields for 1.5 and 3 Tesla MRI body scanners. Radiat Prot Dosimetry (2016) 168 (3): 358-364. Luca Zilberti, Oriano Bottauscio, and Mario Chiampi. Assessment of Exposure to MRI Motion-Induced Fields Based on the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines. Magn. Reson. Med., 76: 1291–1300, 2016 V. Hartwig. Engineering for safety assurance in MRI: analytical, numerical and experimental dosimetry. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 33 (2015), pp. 681-689 Gourzoulidis G, Karabetsos E, Skamnakis Ν, Xrtistodoulou A, Kappas C, Theodorou K, Tsougos I, Maris TG. Occupational Electromagnetic Fields exposure in Magnetic Resonance Imaging systems – Preliminary results for the RF harmonic content. Phys Med. 2015 Nov;31(7):757-62 S. I. Farrag. Numerical Simulation of the Induced Currents in Occupational Workers Induced by Body-Motion around Different MRI Fields. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 5(9), September- 2015, pp. 66-71. V. Hartwig, N. Vanello, G. Giovannetti, L. Landini, M.F. Santarelli. Estimation of Occupational Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields Due To Usual Movements in Magnetic Resonance Units. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B, Vol. 44B(3) :75–81 (2014) Yamaguchi-Sekino S, Nakai T, Imai S, Izawa S, Okuno T. Occupational exposure levels of static magnetic field during routine MRI examination in 3T MR system. Bioelectromagnetics. 2014 Jan;35(1):70-5 Acri G, Testagrossa B, Causa F, Tripepi MG, Vermiglio G, Novario R, Pozzi L, Quadrelli G. Evaluation of occupational exposure in magnetic resonance sites. Radiol Med. 2014 Mar;119(3):208-13 Karpowicz J, Gryz K. The pattern of exposure to static magnetic field of nurses involved in activities related to contrast administration into patients diagnosed in 1.5 T MRI scanners. Electromagn Biol Med. 2013 Jun;32(2):182-91. K. H. Mild, J. Hand, M. Hietanen, P. Gowland, J. Karpowicz, S. Keevil, I. Lagroye, E. van Rongen, M. R. Scarfi, J. Wile. (2013) Exposure classification of MRI workers in epidemiological studies. Bioelectromagnetics. 2013 Jan;34(1):81-4. Laakso I, Kännälä S, Jokela K. Computational dosimetry of induced electric fields during realistic movements in the vicinity of a 3 T MRI scanner. Phys Med Biol. 2013 Apr 21;58(8):2625-40. Andreuccetti D, Contessa GM, Falsaperla R, Lodato R, Pinto R, Zoppetti N, Rossi P. Weighted-peak assessment of occupational exposure due to MRI gradient fields and movements in a nonhomogeneous static magnetic field. Med Phys. 2013 Jan;40(1). Luca Moro, Francesco Alabiso, Francesco Parisoli, Francesco Frigerio. Valutazione sperimentale dell’esposizione lavorativa ai campi magnetici statici prodotti da una risonanza magnetica da 3 T. G Ital Med Lav Erg 2013; 35:1, 26-31. D W Mcrobbie. (2012) Occupational exposure in MRI. Br J Radiol. 2012 Apr; 85(1012): 293–312. V. Hartwig, N. Vanello, G. Giovannetti, M. Lombardi, L. Landini, M.F. Santarelli. A novel tool for estimation of magnetic resonance occupational exposure to spatially varying magnetic fields. Magn Reson Mater Phy Volume 2011; 24(6), 323-330. Riches SF, Collins DJ, Charles-Edwards GD, Shafford JC, Cole J, Keevil SF, Leach MO. Measurements of occupational exposure to switched gradient and spatially-varying magnetic fields in areas adjacent to 1.5 T clinical MRI systems. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 Nov;26(5):1346-52.
Lavoratori particolarmente a rischio
Jabehdar Maralani P, Schieda N, Hecht EM, Litt H, Hindman N, Heyn C, Davenport MS, Zaharchuk G, Hess CP, Weinreb J (2020) MRI safety and devices: An update and expert consensus. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 51:657–674 E. Mattei, F. Censi, G. Calcagnini, R. Falsaperla. Workers with Cardiac AIMD Exposed to EMF: Methods and Case Studies for Risk Analysis in the Framework of the European Regulations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9709. Mattei E, Calcagnini G, Censi F, Pinto I, Bogi A, Falsaperla R. Workers with Active Implantable Medical Devices Exposed to EMF: In Vitro Test for the Risk Assessment. Environments 2019, 6, 119. Mattei E, Censi F, Calcagnini G, Falsaperla R, Genovese E, Napolitano A, Cannatà V. (2016) Pacemaker and ICD oversensing induced by movements near the MRI scanner bore. Med Phys. 2016 Dec;43(12):6621. Gobba F. LA SORVEGLIANZA SANITARIA DEI LAVORATORI ESPOSTI CAMPI ELETTROMAGNETICI: INDICAZIONI OPERATIVE. dBA Incontri 2016. Bologna, 21 ottobre 2016. Ciet P, Litmanovich DE. MR safety issues particular to women. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2015 Feb;23(1):59-67.
Effetti biologici dell’esposizione
Phoka C. Rathebe. Subjective symptoms of SMFs and RF energy, and risk perception among staff working with MR scanners within two public hospitals in South Africa. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 2022; VOL. 41, NO. 2, 152–162 Lyazat Ibrayeva, Olga Grebeneva, Almagul Shadetova, Dina Rybalkina, Larissa Minbayeva, Irina Bacheva, Alexey Alekseyev. Effect of non-ionizing radiation on the health of medical staff of magnetic resonance imaging rooms. J Clin Med Kaz 2021; 18(4):16-22 G. Bravo, A. Modenese, G. Arcangeli, C. Bertoldi, V. Camisa, G. Corona, S. Giglioli, G. Ligabue, R. Moccaldi, N. Mucci, M. Muscatello, I. Venturelli, L. Vimercati, S. Zaffina, G. Zanotti, F. Gobba. Subjective Symptoms in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Personnel: A Multi-Center Study in Italy. Front. Public Health 9:699675, 2021 Wenli Liu, Hongkai Wang, Pu Zhang, Chengwei Li, Jie Sun, Zhaofeng Chen, Shengkui Xing, Ping Liang, Tongning Wu. Effect of non-ionizing radiation on the health of medical staff of magnetic resonance imaging rooms. Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan: 2021 Volume 18, Issue 4 A. Huss, E. ¨Ozdemir, K. Schaap, H. Kromhout. Occupational exposure to MRI-related magnetic stray fields and sleep quality among MRI – Technicians – A cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 231 (2021) 113636 D. Baaken, D. Dechent, M. Blettner, S. Drießen, H. Merzenich. Walker M, Fultz A, Davies C, Brockopp D (2020) Symptoms experienced by MR technologists exposed to static magnetic fields. Radiol Technol 91:316–323 Driessen S, Bodewein L, Dechent D, Graefrath D, Schmiedchen K, Stunder D, et al. (2020) Biological and health-related effects of weak static magnetic fields (<= 1 mT) in humans and vertebrates: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 15(6): e0230038 B. Frieb. Editorial for “Subjectively reported Effects Experienced in an Actively Shielded 7T MR: A Large-Scale Study”. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2020
S. Romeo, A. Sannino, O. Zeni, L. Angrisani, R. Massa and M. R. Scarfì. Effects of Radiofrequency Exposure and Co-Exposure on Human Lymphocytes: The Influence of Signal Modulation and Bandwidth. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 17-23, 2020 B T Mustafa, S P Yaba, A H Ismail. A review of the Effects of Magnetic Field on main blood cells: in vivo and in vitro experiments. ZJPAS (2019) , 31(6);40-50 J S van den Brink. Thermal Effects Associated with RF Exposures in Diagnostic MRI: Overview of Existing and Emerging Concepts of Protection. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B, Volume 2019, Article ID 9618680, 17 pages G Zanotti, A Modenese, G Bravo, G Arcangeli, V Camisa, G Corona, S Giglioli, G Ligabue, R Moccaldi, N Mucci, L Vimercati, S Zaffina, F Gobba. 1650a Subjective symptoms in magnetic resonance imaging operators: preliminary results of an italian study. Occup Environ Med 2018;75(Suppl 2):A1–A650. Physical Agents in the Environment and Workplace: Noise and Vibrations, Electromagnetic Fields and Ionizing Radiation. (2018) Ed. Gaetano Licitra, Giovanni d’Amore, Mauro Magnoni. CRC Press. Tian X, Wang D, Zha M, Yang X, Ji X, Zhang L, Zhang X. (2018) Magnetic field direction differentially impacts the growth of different cell types. Electromagn Biol Med. 2018 Apr 5:1-12. Bongers S, Slottje P, Kromhout H. (2017) Hearing loss associated with repeated MRI acquisition procedure-related acoustic noise exposure: an occupational cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2017 Nov;74(11):776-784. Huss A, Schaap K, Kromhout H. (2017) MRI-related magnetic field exposures and risk of commuting accidents – A cross-sectional survey among Dutch imaging technicians. Environ Res. 2017 Jul;156:613-618. J. Naarala, KK Kesari, I McClure, C Chavarriaga, J Juutilainen, CF Martino, Direction-dependent effects of combined static and ELF Magnetic fields on cell proliferation and superoxide radical production. Biomed Res Int, 2017; 2017:5675086. doi: 10.1155/2017/5675086. Epub 2017 Apr 12. Kristel Schaap, Lützen Portengen , Hans Kromhout. (2016) Exposure to MRI-related magnetic fields and vertigo in MRI workers. Occup Environ Med, 73: 161-166. Stefania Romeo, Anna Sannino, Maria Rosaria Scarfì, Rita Massa, Raffaele d’Angelo & Olga Zeni. Lack of effects on key cellular parameters of MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts exposed to 370 mT static magnetic field. Scientific Reports | 6:19398, 2016. Frank de Vocht, Evridiki Batistatou, Anna Mölter, Hans Kromhout, Kristel Schaap, Martie van Tongeren, Stuart Crozier, Penny Gowland, Stephen Keevil. Transient health symptoms of MRI staff working with 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla scanners in the UK. Eur Radiol (2015) 25:2718–2726. Gungor HR, Akkaya S, Ok N, Yorukoglu A, Yorukoglu C, Kiter E, Oguz EO, Keskin N, Mete GA. Chronic Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices Deserves Screening for Osteoporosis and Vitamin D Levels: A Rat Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jul 30;12(8):8919-32. van Nierop LE, Slottje P, van Zandvoort M, Kromhout H. Simultaneous exposure to MRI-related static and low-frequency movement-induced time-varying magnetic fields affects neurocognitive performance: A double-blind randomized crossover study. Magn Reson Med. 2015 Sep;74(3):840-9. Schaap K, Christopher-de Vries Y, Mason CK, de Vocht F, Portengen L, Kromhout H. Occupational exposure of healthcare and research staff to static magnetic stray fields from 1.5-7 Tesla MRI scanners is associated with reporting of transient symptoms. Occup Environ Med. 2014 Jun;71(6):423-9. Ghodbane S, Lahbib A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Bioeffects of static magnetic fields: oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and cancer studies. Biomed Res Int. 2013:602987.
F. Gobba, N. Bianchi, P. Verga, G. M. Contessa, P. Rossi. Menometrorrhagia in magnetic resonance imaging operators with copper intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDS): a case report. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012 Mar;25(1):97-102. Iachininoto MG, Camisa V, Leone L, Pinto R, Lopresto V, Merla C, Giorda E, Carsetti R, Zaffina S, Podda MV, Teofili L, Grassi C. Effects of exposure to gradient magnetic fields emitted by nuclear magnetic resonance devices on clonogenic potential and proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 2016 May;37(4):201-11.
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